Kamis, 09 Desember 2010
Jumat, 26 November 2010
Sumpah Pemuda
Peserta Kongres Pemuda II
Sumpah Pemuda merupakan bukti otentik bahwa pada tanggal 28 oktober 1928 Bangsa Indonesia dilahirkan, oleh karena itu seharusnya seluruh rakyat Indonesia memperingati momentum 28 oktober sebagai hari lahirnya bangsa Indonesia, proses kelahiran Bangsa Indonesia ini merupakan buah dari perjuangan rakyat yang selama ratusan tahun tertindas dibawah kekuasaan kaum kolonialis pada saat itu, kondisi ketertindasan inilah yang kemudia mendorong para pemuda pada saat itu untuk membulatkan tekad demi Mengangkat Harkat dan Martabat Hidup Orang Indonesia Asli, tekad inilah yang menjadi komitmen perjuangan rakyat Indonesia hingga berhasil mencapai kemerdekaannya 17 tahun kemudian yaitu pada 17 Agustus 1945.
Rumusan Sumpah Pemuda ditulis Moehammad Yamin pada sebuah kertas ketika Mr. Sunario, sebagai utusan kepanduan tengah berpidato pada sesi terakhir kongres. Sumpah tersebut awalnya dibacakan oleh Soegondo dan kemudian dijelaskan panjang-lebar oleh Yamin.[1]
Isi
Sumpah Pemuda versi orisinal[2]:
Pertama
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah Indonesia.
Kedoea
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.
Ketiga
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah Indonesia.
Kedoea
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.
Ketiga
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.
Sumpah Pemuda versi Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan:
Pertama
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, mengaku bertumpah darah yang satu, tanah air Indonesia.
Kedua
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, mengaku berbangsa yang satu, bangsa Indonesia.
Ketiga
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, menjunjung bahasa persatuan, bahasa Indonesia.
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, mengaku bertumpah darah yang satu, tanah air Indonesia.
Kedua
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, mengaku berbangsa yang satu, bangsa Indonesia.
Ketiga
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, menjunjung bahasa persatuan, bahasa Indonesia.
Kongres Pemuda Indonesia
Kongres Pemuda Indonesia Kedua
Gagasan penyelenggaraan Kongres Pemuda Kedua berasal dari Perhimpunan Pelajar Pelajar Indonesia (PPPI), sebuah organisasi pemuda yang beranggota pelajar dari seluruh Indonesia. Atas inisiatif PPPI, kongres dilaksanakan di tiga gedung yang berbeda dan dibagi dalam tiga kali rapat.
Rapat pertama, Sabtu, 27 Oktober 1928, di Gedung Katholieke Jongenlingen Bond (KJB), Waterlooplein (sekarang Lapangan Banteng). Dalam sambutannya, ketua PPPI Sugondo Djojopuspito berharap kongres ini dapat memperkuat semangat persatuan dalam sanubari para pemuda. Acara dilanjutkan dengan uraian Moehammad Yamin tentang arti dan hubungan persatuan dengan pemuda. Menurutnya, ada lima faktor yang bisa memperkuat persatuan Indonesia yaitu sejarah, bahasa, hukum adat, pendidikan, dan kemauan
Rapat kedua, Minggu, 28 Oktober 1928, di Gedung Oost-Java Bioscoop, membahas masalah pendidikan. Kedua pembicara, Poernomowoelan dan Sarmidi Mangoensarkoro, berpendapat bahwa anak harus mendapat pendidikan kebangsaan, harus pula ada keseimbangan antara pendidikan di sekolah dan di rumah. Anak juga harus dididik secara demokratis.
Pada rapat penutup, di gedung Indonesische Clubgebouw di Jalan Kramat Raya 106, Sunario menjelaskan pentingnya nasionalisme dan demokrasi selain gerakan kepanduan. Sedangkan Ramelan mengemukakan, gerakan kepanduan tidak bisa dipisahkan dari pergerakan nasional. Gerakan kepanduan sejak dini mendidik anak-anak disiplin dan mandiri, hal-hal yang dibutuhkan dalam perjuangan.
Sebelum kongres ditutup diperdengarkan lagu "Indonesia Raya" karya Wage Rudolf Supratman yang dimainkan dengan biola saja tanpa syair, atas saran Sugondo kepada Supratman. Lagu tersebut disambut dengan sangat meriah oleh peserta kongres. Kongres ditutup dengan mengumumkan rumusan hasil kongres. Oleh para pemuda yang hadir, rumusan itu diucapkan sebagai Sumpah Setia.
Peserta
Para peserta Kongres Pemuda II ini berasal dari berbagai wakil organisasi pemuda yang ada pada waktu itu, seperti Jong Java, Jong Ambon, Jong Celebes, Jong Batak, Jong Sumatranen Bond, Jong Islamieten Bond, Sekar Rukun, PPPI, Pemuda Kaum Betawi, dll. Di antara mereka hadir pula beberapa orang pemuda Tionghoa sebagai pengamat, yaitu Oey Kay Siang, John Lauw Tjoan Hok dan Tjio Djien Kwie namun sampai saat ini tidak diketahui latar belakang organisasi yang mengutus mereka. Sementara Kwee Thiam Hiong hadir sebagai seorang wakil dari Jong Sumatranen Bond. Diprakarsai oleh AR Baswedan pemuda keturunan arab di Indonesia mengadakan kongres di Semarang dan mengumandangkan Sumpah Pemuda Keturunan Arab.
Gedung
Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Museum Sumpah PemudaBangunan di Jalan Kramat Raya 106, tempat dibacakannya Sumpah Pemuda, adalah sebuah rumah pondokan untuk pelajar dan mahasiswa milik Sie Kok Liong [3].
Gedung Kramat 106 sempat dipugar Pemda DKI Jakarta 3 April-20 Mei 1973 dan diresmikan Gubernur DKI Jakarta, Ali Sadikin, pada 20 Mei 1973 sebagai Gedung Sumpah Pemuda. Gedung ini kembali diresmikan oleh Presiden Soeharto pada 20 Mei 1974. Dalam perjalanan sejarah, Gedung Sumpah Pemuda pernah dikelola Pemda DKI Jakarta, dan saat ini dikelola Kementrian Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata.[4]
Kota Bukittinggi
Coordinates: 100.210 ° - 100.25 ° East
00.160 ° - 100.25 ° S
Motto 'Saayun Salangkah'
The quote "
Slogan tourism '
Nickname
Demonim '
West Sumatra Province
Capital city
Area 25.24 km ² [1]
Population
· Number 106 045 (2008) [1]
· Density of 4202 people / km ²
Subdivisions
· District 3
· Village 24
Mayor H. Ismet Amzis, SH
Telephone area code 0752-xxxxxx
The city of Bukittinggi is one of the city in the province of West Sumatra, Indonesia.
The city was formerly called Fort de Kock and was once also dubbed with Parisj van Sumatra in addition to the city of Medan. And the city of Bukittinggi was also once the capital of Indonesia.
City which is the hometown of one of the Bung Hatta proclaimed Indonesia, is a heritage town famous for its Clock Tower, a landmark in the heart of the city that shaped the height of the clock like Big Ben, and became a symbol for the city which is also located on the edge of a valley named Canyon Sianok.
In addition, the city of Bukittinggi is also famous as a tourist city cool temperate, and siblings (sister city) with the Seremban Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia.
History
Bukittinggi city began to stand in line with the arrival of the Dutch who later founded the fort in 1825 during the Padri War in one of the hill contained in this town, known as the fortress Fort de Kock, who as well as a resting place for officers who are in the area colonies. Later in the reign of the Dutch East Indies, this area always increased role in state administration which later developed into a Stadsgemeente (city), and also served as the capital Afdeeling Padangsche Bovenlanden and Onderafdeeling Oud Agam.
During the Japanese occupation, the town of Bukittinggi serve as the central control of its military government for the Sumatra region, even to Singapore and Thailand, where in this city is the seat of the military commander to 25 Kenpeitai, under the leadership of Major General Hirano Toyoji. And the town changed its name from Fort de Kock Stadsgemeente be Bukittinggi The Yaku Sho, whose land extended to include village-like surrounding villages Sianok Anam Tribe, Gadut, Kapau, Ampang Tower, Bukit Batu Taba and Batabuah. And now the villages-villages are entered into the territory of Agam District. And in this city the Japanese army established the largest radio transmitter to the island of Sumatra in order to raise the spirit of the people to support the interests of the Greater East Asia War Japanese version.
At times defend the independence of Indonesia, the city serves as the city struggles Bukitinggi, where on 19 December 1948, the city is designated as the capital city of Indonesia after the Yogyakarta fall into the hands of the Dutch or known by the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI). And then the event was designated a State-Defense Day, based on Presidential Decree No. 28 of 2006 dated December 18, 2006.
Furthermore, the town of Bukittinggi was also the provincial capital of Sumatra with its governor Mr. Tengku Muhammad Hasan.
Bukittinggi city was established by Law No. 9 Year 1956 on the establishment of an autonomous region within the major cities of the province of Central Sumatra that period, which covers the province of West Sumatra, Jambi, Riau and Riau Islands now.
Although after the issuance of Government Regulation no. 84 of 1999 as a new legal basis for local government town of Bukittinggi, but their implementation is still not yet implemented.
Mosque Bengkudu with the surrounding pool near Bukittinggi, one of the oldest mosque in Indonesia. Photo collection of Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam.
[Edit] Geography
Bukittinggi city surrounded by three volcanoes of Mount Singgalang, Mount Marapi and Mount Sago, and located at an altitude of 909-941 meters above sea level. The city is also berhawa cool with temperatures ranging between 16.1 - 24.9 ° C. While the total area of the current town of Bukittinggi (25.24 km ²), 82.8% have been allocated to cultivation of land, while the remaining protected forests.
[Edit] Government
! Main article: List of Bukittinggi Mayor
Bukittinggi city hall
Boundary region is surrounded by the city government Agam district, and never happened konfik between the two governments are in dispute over territory. This was started after the release of Government Regulation no. 84 of 1999 on changes in city boundaries Bukittinggi and Agam district, where the government regulation (PP) is an area of the town of Bukittinggi increased to 145.29,90 km ².
But as government reform, which granted broad autonomy to the district and the city, emerged from the public rejection Agam district of expansion and development of the city of Bukittinggi. For people who enter into Agam district expansion area of this city, feel loss because with the return of the implementation of village governance model is more promising, than are in the village. Besides that, there are assumptions, people who have heterogeneous city would also tend to give effect to indigenous traditions and the wealth that had been owned by the village.
Clock Tower
Population
The city is the most populous city in the province of West Sumatra, with a total workforce of about 52,631 people and 3845 people of whom are unemployed. The city is dominated by ethnic Minangkabau, but there are also ethnic Chinese, Javanese and Batak.
Education
Since the Dutch colonial era, this city has become a center of education on the island of Sumatra, starting in 1872, with the establishment Kweekschool Inlandsche Onderwijzers voor (school teachers for teachers bumiputera) or also known as king of the school, which subsequently developed into volksschool or school people. Then in 1912 came Holandsch Inlandsche School (HIS), which continued with the founding of the Civil Schools School voor Opleiding Inlandsch Ambtenaren (OSVIA) in 1918. And in 1926 have also been established in the town of Bukittinggi MULO.
And in the early days of independence in this city once stood Polwan and cadet school and the school's first Civil Services in Indonesia, even Andalas University was first established in the town of Bukittinggi.
Formal education elementary or MI state and private junior high or high school MTs and private and private state and private vocational MA state and private universities
Number of units 65 19 11 5 13 4
Data on schools in the city of Bukittinggi
Source:
Health
Bukittinggi city already has a good health service in the city with an area where relatively little has 5 hospitals they are 3 and 2 government-owned private health clinic supported by 5 and 6 mobile health center and 15 health centers. District General Hospital Dr. Achmad Mochtar hospital owned by the government is type B with excellence service for stroke [20] [21].
Nexus
Bukittinggi city located in strategic positions that can be connected with several other cities including the cities that are outside the province of West Sumatra, such as the city of Pekanbaru and Medan, and a town through which the Trans Central Sumatra. Previously, the city is traversed by the railway from the city Payakumbuh toward the city of Padang, but now no longer active.
The city has a land transport freight terminal called Terminal Aur Kuning. For transportation within the city, available means of public transportation other than a microbus and hansom cab (horse carriages).
Economy
From the point of view of economists that economic growth can increase incomes and reduce poverty, this is what the city government mengenjot Bukittinggi spawned several programs to alleviate poverty among the training increased diversification in the form of training and skills enhancement training embroidery kebaya-making, as well as growing new entrepreneurial . It is very supportive to make the town of Bukittinggi as one of the main objectives in the field of trade on the island of Sumatra. Apart from a small area, the trade sector is one option to increase income per capita for this city.
Wholesale trade center for goods located in the town of Bukittinggi convection Aur Kuning Market. While the area around the Clock Tower there are also some liquid markets such as ateh Market, Market and Market Down Slope, where some results here also sell handicrafts and souvenirs typical of Minangkabau, in addition to culinary tours are widely available in Los Lambuang - Slope Market.
Sports
Bukittinggi city community loved riding, and every year the city held a contest in Bukit Ambacang horse racing, which has been held since 1889.
Tourism
Development of tourism is one of the leading sectors for the town of Bukittinggi, the many exciting attractions, making this city is also dubbed as the "city tour". Currently in the town of Bukittinggi has been there about 60 hotels and 15 travel agencies. The hotels are located in the town of Bukittinggi, among others, The Hills (formerly Novotel), hotels Pusako and so forth.
Valley Sianok canyon is one of the main tourist attraction. Panorama Park located in the town of Bukittinggi allows tourists to see the beautiful scenery Sianok canyon. Panorama Park In the cave there is also a former Japanese soldier hiding during World War II, called as the 'hole of Japan'.
In the Garden there Kanduang Bundo Tower replica house that serves as a museum of Minangkabau culture, the zoo and the fortress Fort de Kock is connected by a pedestrian bridge called the Bridge Limpapeh. Limpapeh pedestrian bridge above the road A. Yani which is the main street in the town of Bukittinggi.
Ateh market is adjacent to the Clock Tower which is the center of the city. In the Market is always bustling ateh there are many food sellers and small embroidery craft souvenirs typical of West Sumatra as Karupuak Sanjai (cassava chips ala Sanjai in Bukittinggi area) is made from cassava, as well as Karupuak Jangek (Crackers skin) made of cow leather or buffalo and Karak Kaliang, a kind of typical Bukittinggi snacks shaped like a figure 8. And at this moment also has a modern shopping mall built in the town of Bukittinggi.
Press and Media
In this city there are several radio stations as a means of information and entertainment including RRI Bukittinggi, Elsie FM, SK FM, FM GRC and so forth.
00.160 ° - 100.25 ° S
Motto 'Saayun Salangkah'
The quote "
Slogan tourism '
Nickname
Demonim '
West Sumatra Province
Capital city
Area 25.24 km ² [1]
Population
· Number 106 045 (2008) [1]
· Density of 4202 people / km ²
Subdivisions
· District 3
· Village 24
Mayor H. Ismet Amzis, SH
Telephone area code 0752-xxxxxx
The city of Bukittinggi is one of the city in the province of West Sumatra, Indonesia.
The city was formerly called Fort de Kock and was once also dubbed with Parisj van Sumatra in addition to the city of Medan. And the city of Bukittinggi was also once the capital of Indonesia.
City which is the hometown of one of the Bung Hatta proclaimed Indonesia, is a heritage town famous for its Clock Tower, a landmark in the heart of the city that shaped the height of the clock like Big Ben, and became a symbol for the city which is also located on the edge of a valley named Canyon Sianok.
In addition, the city of Bukittinggi is also famous as a tourist city cool temperate, and siblings (sister city) with the Seremban Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia.
History
Bukittinggi city began to stand in line with the arrival of the Dutch who later founded the fort in 1825 during the Padri War in one of the hill contained in this town, known as the fortress Fort de Kock, who as well as a resting place for officers who are in the area colonies. Later in the reign of the Dutch East Indies, this area always increased role in state administration which later developed into a Stadsgemeente (city), and also served as the capital Afdeeling Padangsche Bovenlanden and Onderafdeeling Oud Agam.
During the Japanese occupation, the town of Bukittinggi serve as the central control of its military government for the Sumatra region, even to Singapore and Thailand, where in this city is the seat of the military commander to 25 Kenpeitai, under the leadership of Major General Hirano Toyoji. And the town changed its name from Fort de Kock Stadsgemeente be Bukittinggi The Yaku Sho, whose land extended to include village-like surrounding villages Sianok Anam Tribe, Gadut, Kapau, Ampang Tower, Bukit Batu Taba and Batabuah. And now the villages-villages are entered into the territory of Agam District. And in this city the Japanese army established the largest radio transmitter to the island of Sumatra in order to raise the spirit of the people to support the interests of the Greater East Asia War Japanese version.
At times defend the independence of Indonesia, the city serves as the city struggles Bukitinggi, where on 19 December 1948, the city is designated as the capital city of Indonesia after the Yogyakarta fall into the hands of the Dutch or known by the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI). And then the event was designated a State-Defense Day, based on Presidential Decree No. 28 of 2006 dated December 18, 2006.
Furthermore, the town of Bukittinggi was also the provincial capital of Sumatra with its governor Mr. Tengku Muhammad Hasan.
Bukittinggi city was established by Law No. 9 Year 1956 on the establishment of an autonomous region within the major cities of the province of Central Sumatra that period, which covers the province of West Sumatra, Jambi, Riau and Riau Islands now.
Although after the issuance of Government Regulation no. 84 of 1999 as a new legal basis for local government town of Bukittinggi, but their implementation is still not yet implemented.
Mosque Bengkudu with the surrounding pool near Bukittinggi, one of the oldest mosque in Indonesia. Photo collection of Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam.
[Edit] Geography
Bukittinggi city surrounded by three volcanoes of Mount Singgalang, Mount Marapi and Mount Sago, and located at an altitude of 909-941 meters above sea level. The city is also berhawa cool with temperatures ranging between 16.1 - 24.9 ° C. While the total area of the current town of Bukittinggi (25.24 km ²), 82.8% have been allocated to cultivation of land, while the remaining protected forests.
[Edit] Government
! Main article: List of Bukittinggi Mayor
Bukittinggi city hall
Boundary region is surrounded by the city government Agam district, and never happened konfik between the two governments are in dispute over territory. This was started after the release of Government Regulation no. 84 of 1999 on changes in city boundaries Bukittinggi and Agam district, where the government regulation (PP) is an area of the town of Bukittinggi increased to 145.29,90 km ².
But as government reform, which granted broad autonomy to the district and the city, emerged from the public rejection Agam district of expansion and development of the city of Bukittinggi. For people who enter into Agam district expansion area of this city, feel loss because with the return of the implementation of village governance model is more promising, than are in the village. Besides that, there are assumptions, people who have heterogeneous city would also tend to give effect to indigenous traditions and the wealth that had been owned by the village.
Clock Tower
Population
The city is the most populous city in the province of West Sumatra, with a total workforce of about 52,631 people and 3845 people of whom are unemployed. The city is dominated by ethnic Minangkabau, but there are also ethnic Chinese, Javanese and Batak.
Education
Since the Dutch colonial era, this city has become a center of education on the island of Sumatra, starting in 1872, with the establishment Kweekschool Inlandsche Onderwijzers voor (school teachers for teachers bumiputera) or also known as king of the school, which subsequently developed into volksschool or school people. Then in 1912 came Holandsch Inlandsche School (HIS), which continued with the founding of the Civil Schools School voor Opleiding Inlandsch Ambtenaren (OSVIA) in 1918. And in 1926 have also been established in the town of Bukittinggi MULO.
And in the early days of independence in this city once stood Polwan and cadet school and the school's first Civil Services in Indonesia, even Andalas University was first established in the town of Bukittinggi.
Formal education elementary or MI state and private junior high or high school MTs and private and private state and private vocational MA state and private universities
Number of units 65 19 11 5 13 4
Data on schools in the city of Bukittinggi
Source:
Health
Bukittinggi city already has a good health service in the city with an area where relatively little has 5 hospitals they are 3 and 2 government-owned private health clinic supported by 5 and 6 mobile health center and 15 health centers. District General Hospital Dr. Achmad Mochtar hospital owned by the government is type B with excellence service for stroke [20] [21].
Nexus
Bukittinggi city located in strategic positions that can be connected with several other cities including the cities that are outside the province of West Sumatra, such as the city of Pekanbaru and Medan, and a town through which the Trans Central Sumatra. Previously, the city is traversed by the railway from the city Payakumbuh toward the city of Padang, but now no longer active.
The city has a land transport freight terminal called Terminal Aur Kuning. For transportation within the city, available means of public transportation other than a microbus and hansom cab (horse carriages).
Economy
From the point of view of economists that economic growth can increase incomes and reduce poverty, this is what the city government mengenjot Bukittinggi spawned several programs to alleviate poverty among the training increased diversification in the form of training and skills enhancement training embroidery kebaya-making, as well as growing new entrepreneurial . It is very supportive to make the town of Bukittinggi as one of the main objectives in the field of trade on the island of Sumatra. Apart from a small area, the trade sector is one option to increase income per capita for this city.
Wholesale trade center for goods located in the town of Bukittinggi convection Aur Kuning Market. While the area around the Clock Tower there are also some liquid markets such as ateh Market, Market and Market Down Slope, where some results here also sell handicrafts and souvenirs typical of Minangkabau, in addition to culinary tours are widely available in Los Lambuang - Slope Market.
Sports
Bukittinggi city community loved riding, and every year the city held a contest in Bukit Ambacang horse racing, which has been held since 1889.
Tourism
Development of tourism is one of the leading sectors for the town of Bukittinggi, the many exciting attractions, making this city is also dubbed as the "city tour". Currently in the town of Bukittinggi has been there about 60 hotels and 15 travel agencies. The hotels are located in the town of Bukittinggi, among others, The Hills (formerly Novotel), hotels Pusako and so forth.
Valley Sianok canyon is one of the main tourist attraction. Panorama Park located in the town of Bukittinggi allows tourists to see the beautiful scenery Sianok canyon. Panorama Park In the cave there is also a former Japanese soldier hiding during World War II, called as the 'hole of Japan'.
In the Garden there Kanduang Bundo Tower replica house that serves as a museum of Minangkabau culture, the zoo and the fortress Fort de Kock is connected by a pedestrian bridge called the Bridge Limpapeh. Limpapeh pedestrian bridge above the road A. Yani which is the main street in the town of Bukittinggi.
Ateh market is adjacent to the Clock Tower which is the center of the city. In the Market is always bustling ateh there are many food sellers and small embroidery craft souvenirs typical of West Sumatra as Karupuak Sanjai (cassava chips ala Sanjai in Bukittinggi area) is made from cassava, as well as Karupuak Jangek (Crackers skin) made of cow leather or buffalo and Karak Kaliang, a kind of typical Bukittinggi snacks shaped like a figure 8. And at this moment also has a modern shopping mall built in the town of Bukittinggi.
Press and Media
In this city there are several radio stations as a means of information and entertainment including RRI Bukittinggi, Elsie FM, SK FM, FM GRC and so forth.
Kamis, 07 Oktober 2010
TOPOLOGI JARINGAN
TOPOLOGI JARINGAN
Pengertian Topologi Jaringan
Topologi jaringan komputer adalah suatu cara menghubungkan komputer yang satu dengan komputer lainnya sehingga membentuk jaringan. Dalam suatu jaringan komputer jenis topologi yang dipilih akan mempengaruhi kecepatan komunikasi. Untuk itu maka perlu dicermati kelebihan/keuntungan dan kekurangan/kerugian dari masing -masing topologi berdasarkan karakteristiknya.
Jenis-Jenis Topologi
1. Topologi BUS
2. Topologi Star
3. Topologi Ring
4. Topologi Mesh
Topologi BUS
Karakteristik Topologi BUS
- Node – node dihubungkan secara serial
- sepanjang kabel, dan pada kedua ujung kabelditutup dengan terminator.
- Sangat sederhana dalam instalasi
- Sangat ekonomis dalam biaya.
- Paket-paket data saling bersimpangan pada suatu kabel
- Tidak diperlukan hub, yang banyak diperlukan adalah Tconnector pada setiap ethernet card.
- Problem yang sering terjadi adalah jika salahsatu node rusak, maka jaringan keseluruhan dapat down, sehingga seluruh node tidak bisaberkomunikasi dalam jaringan tersebut.
Keuntungan Topologi BUS
- Topologi yang sederhana
- Kabel yang digunakan sedikit untukmenghubungkan komputer-komputer atau peralatan-peralatan yang lain
- Biayanya lebih murah dibandingkandengan susunan pengkabelan yang lain.
- Cukup mudah apabila kita inginmemperluas jaringan pada topologi bus.
Kerugian Topologi BUS
- Traffic (lalu lintas) yang padat akansangat memperlambat bus.
- Setiap barrel connector yang digunakansebagai penghubung memperlemahsinyal elektrik yang dikirimkan, dan kebanyakan akan menghalangi sinyaluntuk dapat diterima dengan benar.
- Sangat sulit untuk melakukantroubleshoot pada bus.
- Lebih lambat dibandingkan dengantopologi yang lain.
Topologi Star
Karakteristik Topologi Star
- Setiap node berkomunikasi langsung dengankonsentrator (HUB)
- Bila setiap paket data yang masuk ke consentrator (HUB) kemudian di broadcastkeseluruh node yang terhubung sangat banyak(misalnya memakai hub 32 port), maka kinerja jaringan akan semakin turun.
- Sangat mudah dikembangkan
- Jika salah satu ethernet card rusak, atau salah satu kabel pada terminal putus, maka
- keseluruhhan jaringan masih tetap bisaberkomunikasi atau tidak terjadi down pada jaringan keseluruhan tersebut.
- Tipe kabel yang digunakan biasanya jenis UTP.
Keuntungan Topologi Star
- Cukup mudah untuk mengubah dan menambahkomputer ke dalam jaringan yang menggunakantopologi star tanpa mengganggu aktvitas jaringan yang sedang berlangsung.
- Apabila satu komputer yang mengalamikerusakan dalam jaringan maka komputer tersebut tidak akan membuat mati seluruh jaringan star.
- Kita dapat menggunakan beberapa tipe kabel didalam jaringan yang sama dengan hub yang dapat mengakomodasi tipe kabel yang berbeda.
Kerugian Topologi Star
- Memiliki satu titik kesalahan, terletak pada hub. Jika hub pusat mengalami kegagalan, maka seluruh jaringan akan gagal untuk beroperasi.
- Membutuhkan lebih banyak kabel karena semua kabel jaringan harus ditarik ke satu central point, jadi lebih banyak membutuhkan lebih banyak kabel daripada topologi jaringan yang lain.
- Jumlah terminal terbatas, tergantung dari port yang ada pada hub.
- Lalulintas data yang padat dapat menyebabkan jaringan bekerja lebih lambat
Topologi Ring
Karakteristik Topologi Ring
- Node-node dihubungkan secara serial di sepanjang kabel, dengan bentuk jaringan sepertilingkaran.
- Sangat sederhana dalam layout seperti jenis topologi bus.
- Paket-paket data dapat mengalir dalam satu arah (kekiri atau kekanan) sehingga collision dapat dihindarkan.
- Problem yang dihadapi sama dengan topologibus, yaitu: jika salah satu node rusak maka seluruh node tidak bisa berkomunikasi dalam jaringan tersebut.
- Tipe kabel yang digunakan biasanya kabel UTPatau Patch Cable (IBM tipe 6).
Keuntungan Topologi Ring
- Data mengalir dalam satu arah sehinggaterjadinya collision dapat dihindarkan.
- Aliran data mengalir lebih cepat karenadapat melayani data dari kiri atau kanandari server.
- Dapat melayani aliran lalulintas data yangpadat, karena data dapat bergerak kekiriatau kekanan.
- Waktu untuk mengakses data lebihoptimal.
Kerugian Topologi Star
Kerugian Topologi Ring
- Apabila ada satu komputer dalam ring yang gagal berfungsi, maka akan mempengaruhi keseluruhan jaringan.
- Menambah atau mengurangi komputer akan mengacaukan jaringan.
- Sulit untuk melakukan konfigurasi ulang.
Topologi Mesh
Karakteristik Topologi Mesh
- Topologi mesh memiliki hubungan yangberlebihan antara peralatan-peralatan yang ada.
- Susunannya pada setiap peralatan yangada didalam jaringan saling terhubungsatu sama lain. jika jumlah peralatan yang terhubungsangat banyak, tentunya ini akan sangat sulit sekali untuk dikendalikan dibandingkan hanya sedikit peralatan sajayang terhubung.
Keuntungan Topologi Mesh
- Keuntungan utama dari penggunaantopologi mesh adalah fault tolerance.
- Terjaminnya kapasitas channelkomunikasi, karena memiliki hubunganyang berlebih.
- Relatif lebih mudah untuk dilakukan Troubleshoot
Kerugian Topologi Mesh
- Sulitnya pada saat melakukan instalasi dan melakukan konfigurasi ulang saat jumlah komputer dan peralatan-peralatan yang terhubung semakin meningkat jumlahnya.
- Biaya yang besar untuk memelihara hubungan yang berlebih.
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